By Charles Morgan and Hubert Walker for CoinWeek Notes …..
The circulating commemorative 50 State Quarters Program referred to as for the problem of 5 distinct quarter designs annually for 10 years, with one design per state issued within the order of every state’s admission into the Union. It was the aim of this system to advertise public information of the person states, their historical past and geography, and the nationwide heritage. Approved by the 50 States Commemorative Coin Program Act (Public Law 105-124), it was signed into regulation by President William Jefferson “Invoice” Clinton on December 1, 1997.
The Act was shepherded by means of Congress by Republican Consultant Mike Fort of Delaware, a key determine in trendy American numismatic laws for the 20 years he served within the Home. It was additionally supported by the Treasury Division, the United States Mint, and plenty of stakeholders within the American coin pastime – together with Harvey Stack, Q. David Bowers, and plenty of others.
Designs appeared on the reverse of every respective coin, whereas the acquainted John Flanagan portrait of President George Washington remained on the obverse, which was modified to accommodate the legend UNITED STATES of AMERICA, the denomination QUARTER DOLLAR, and the motto E PLURIBUS UNUM). On Washington Quarters dated 1998 and earlier, these inscriptions had been on the reverse.
In this system’s first a number of years, states had been invited to submit their very own designs, which might then be modified by the Mint’s engraving division earlier than being despatched to each the Fee of Effective Arts (CFA) and the Residents Coinage Advisory Committee (CCAC) for evaluate and to the Secretary of the Treasury for ultimate approval. Every state dealt with the method in its personal method, with the early designs chosen from statewide competitions. Congress made certain that the states didn’t have free rein, nonetheless, and the inclusion of controversial topics was prohibited. A key motive for this provision was to ban designs that promoted the Confederacy.
In 2005, the Mint revised the foundations and invited states to provide them with three to 5 ideas every, which might then be translated into designs by the Mint’s engraving division. This transformation occurred due to the general public dispute over design authorship following the discharge of the 2003 Missouri State Quarter.
A New Period in American Coinage
Exterior of the two-year Bicentennial concern of Jack Ahr’s “Drummer Boy“, the design of the quarter had remained unchanged for the reason that debut of Flanagan’s Washington Quarter design in 1932. George Washington was chosen to symbolize the quarter to mark the two hundredth anniversary of his beginning, following a precedent set 23 years earlier when President Abraham Lincoln was positioned on the penny to mark the one centesimal anniversary of his beginning. The continuation of this precedent spelled the tip of Woman Liberty on American cash. In 1938, Thomas Jefferson joined the ranks, adopted by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1946, and Benjamin Franklin in 1948.
Of that first wave of statesmen circulating cash, solely Franklin has been eliminated, shedding his spot on the 50-cent piece in favor of the slain John F. Kennedy. As America has elevated these males to a standing far past their authentic electoral mandate, it’s protected to imagine that we’ll not see the likes of Liberty once more.
However reverses had been totally different. Not solely did the Bicentennial reverses of 1975-1976 provide a short lived change from the standard designs of the Washington Quarter, Kennedy Half Greenback, and Eisenhower Greenback, however the Lincoln Wheat Cent design was revised in 1959 to mark the one hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of Lincoln’s beginning. With the 50 State Quarters® Program, the Mint might introduce new designs to the American public with out upsetting individuals with the elimination of a “beloved” president.
Each pastime leaders and the Mint noticed the discharge of the cash as a approach to reintroduce the general public at giant to collectible cash and doubtlessly reinvigorate the coin-collecting pastime, which had for years seen its focus shift from a preferred pastime to an investment-driven business. As every coin entered circulation by means of native banks, People had been assured that they might encounter each design and will even request rolls of uncirculated cash from banks as they had been being launched. As well as, the Mint provided plenty of methods for collectors to buy the cash at a premium.
Order of Launch
1999 State Quarters
The launch of the 50 State Quarters Program was met with nice public enthusiasm. On the primary evening of the 1999 Delaware State Quarter’s launch, tv coin buying packages had been advertising uncirculated rolls for as excessive as $99. Inside weeks, financial institution branches all through the nation started to obtain giant portions of the brand new designs. This sample repeated each few months as new designs had been issued on schedule.
As a lot consideration was positioned on the brand new program, the designs of the Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, and Connecticut State Quarters had been well-known and stay synonymous with the sequence. The identical can’t be stated for most of the designs that adopted.
Mintages for every design diverse based mostly on orders obtained by the Federal Reserve. The New Jersey design had the bottom mintage, whereas greater than 1.3 billion Connecticut State Quarters, the final design of the yr, had been struck.
The Mint had provided Proof Units in Clad and Silver annually since 1992. Resulting from price, the clad units at all times outsell the silver variations, and in 1999, the clad set outsold the silver set by an element of 4.6:1. By 2000, collectors who had been late to the sport started to hunt out the 1999 Silver Proof Units, pushing the value over $100 by 2001. For a time, the 1999 Silver Proof Set was one of many few trendy Proof Units to be traded on the secondary marketplace for greater than its concern worth.
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1999 Delaware State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 373,400,000 | 401,424,000 | 804,565 | 3,713,359 |
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1999 Pennsylvania State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 349,000,000 | 358,332,000 | 804,565 | 3,713,359 |
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1999 New Jersey State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 363,200,000 | 299,028,000 | 804,565 | 3,713,359 |
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1999 Georgia State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 451,188,000 | 488,744,000 | 804,565 | 3,713,359 |
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1999 Connecticut State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 688,744,000 | 657,880,000 | 804,565 | 3,713,359 |
2000 State Quarters
Collector enthusiasm for the State Quarters picked up steam in 2000, partially due to the novelty of the once-futuristic “2000” date but in addition as a result of the general public had come into contact with the brand new coin reverses, noticed the varied State Quarters adverts in newspapers and on TV, and needed to gather them – both for themselves or for his or her youngsters and grandchildren.
For instance, right here’s an advert for the 1999 Pennsylvania State Quarter that includes Kermit the Frog from Jim Henson’s Muppets:
However again to 2000.
These not from New England could have been confused by “The Outdated Man of the Mountain”. This pure function, made up of a sequence of granite ledges, protruded from the cliff face of Cannon Mountain in New Hampshire. Its uncanny visage was revered by indigenous tribes earlier than turning into an icon of independence for New England settlers. Sadly, three years after the discharge of the 2000 New Hampshire State Quarter, the rock formation collapsed. Its profile, nonetheless, stays a part of New Hampshire’s id.
The 2000 Virginia and Massachusetts State Quarters had been the yr’s standout designs. The Virginia concern had a mintage of over 1.5 billion cash, making it the commonest of the yr’s quarters.
12 months-to-year Proof gross sales had been up in each Clad and Silver codecs.
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2000 Massachusetts State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 628,600,000 | 535,184,000 | 965,421 | 4,020,172 |
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2000 Maryland State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 678,200,000 | 556,532,000 | 965,421 | 4,020,172 |
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2000 South Carolina State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 742,576,000 | 566,208,000 | 965,421 | 4,020,172 |
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2000 New Hampshire State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 673,040,000 | 495,976,000 | 965,421 | 4,020,172 |
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2000 Virginia State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 943,000,000 | 651,616,000 | 965,421 | 4,020,172 |
2001 State Quarters
2001 marked the start of the George W. Bush Administration, which might span the remaining eight years of the 50 State Quarters Program. In March, the United States entered right into a recession brought on by an financial downturn within the tech sector (the busting of the primary “dot-com bubble”). Whereas it’s arduous to think about the place the worldwide economic system can be with out e-commerce, on the flip of the millennium, the know-how that might drive the twenty first century was nonetheless in its early levels.
The September 11 terrorist assaults on New York Metropolis and the nation’s capitol shifted America’s focus to safety, restoration, and the International Battle on Terror. These priorities would add trillions of {dollars} to the nationwide debt and yield combined outcomes.
The 2001 State Quarters function the sequence’ greatest designs, with Vermont, Kentucky, and Rhode Island being standouts. The symbolic which means of the 2001 New York State Quarter shifted from a celebration of the Empire State to a logo of America’s solidarity with the individuals of New York of their time of want.
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2001 New York State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 655,400,000 | 619,640,000 | 889,697 | 3,094,140 |
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2001 North Carolina State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 627,600,000 | 427,876,000 | 889,697 | 3,094,140 |
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2001 Rhode Island State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 423,000,000 | 447,100,000 | 889,697 | 3,094,140 |
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2001 Vermont State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 423,400,000 | 459,404,000 | 889,697 | 3,094,140 |
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2001 Kentucky State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 353,000,000 | 370,564,000 | 889,697 | 3,094,140 |
2002 State Quarters
Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, and Mississippi acquired their quarters in 2002. Aside from the floral design on the 2002 Mississippi Quarter, every of the problems was imbued with an inventive model that resembled royalty-free clip artwork. Trumpets seem on the Tennessee and the Louisiana quarters, each celebrating their respective musical legacies. Ohio continued its bizarre competitors with North Carolina over who can lay declare to the legacy of the Wright Brothers and added an astronaut. Notorious coin vendor Tom Noe and legendary Coin World Editor Beth Deisher each served on that state’s design committee.
Mintages for the 2002 enterprise strikes had been barely decrease than the 1999 points, owed largely to a lower in demand for brand new cash. The Proof mintages held agency, kind of.
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2002 Tennessee State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 361,600,000 | 286,468,000 | 892,229 | 3,084,245 |
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2002 Ohio State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 217,200,000 | 414,832,000 | 892,229 | 3,084,245 |
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2002 Louisiana State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 362,000,000 | 402,204,000 | 892,229 | 3,084,245 |
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2002 Indiana State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 362,600,000 | 372,200,000 | 892,229 | 3,084,245 |
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2002 Mississippi State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 290,000,000 | 289,600,000 | 892,229 | 3,084,245 |
2003 State Quarters
Three of the 2003 State Quarters honor historic figures. Lincoln is framed by the form of Illinois whereas Helen Keller is honored on the Alabama State Quarter alongside along with her identify spelled in Braille. The Missouri quarter options Lewis, Clark, and the enslaved York paddling a pirogue down the Mississippi River.
The Maine design was tailored from work by Colorado artist Daniel J. Carr, who collaborated with two Mainers to qualify his submission. Carr’s design is flipped on the coin, his depiction of the Pemaquid Lighthouse and the Victory Chimes ship being more true to life. The Liberties that the Mint took to strike the coin made the artist and native media bristle.
An analogous design controversy adopted the Missouri State Quarter when artist Paul Jackson’s design was “dumbed down” for the coin. These public spats triggered the Mint’s management to rethink the design course of as talked about above.
The variety of 2003 quarters struck for circulation was the bottom within the sequence. Coupled with the lower in demand for enterprise strikes in commerce was a waning of consideration by the broader American public. Collectors, nonetheless, continued to enthusiastically acquire.
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2003 Illinois State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 225,800,000 | 237,400,000 | 1,125,755 | 3,408,516 |
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2003 Alabama State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 225,000,000 | 232,400,000 | 1,125,755 | 3,408,516 |
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2003 Maine State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 217,400,000 | 231,400,000 | 1,125,755 | 3,408,516 |
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2003 Missouri State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 225,000,000 | 228,200,000 | 1,125,755 | 3,408,516 |
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2003 Arkansas State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 228,000,000 | 229,800,000 | 1,125,755 | 3,408,516 |
2004 State Quarters
Florida, Iowa, Texas, Michigan, and Wisconsin acquired their flip in 2004. And save for the Iowa design, which wasn’t all that good to start with, the “clip-artification” of American cash continued. The Texas design is especially garish and unbalanced. The Florida coin seems to be like three symbols had been pulled collectively from The Print Store laptop program.
Enterprise-strike mintages continued to be unusually low for the sequence, however demand for the Silver Proof Set was almost double what it was when the sequence started in 1999.
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2004 Michigan State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 233,800,000 | 225,800,000 | 1,789,344 | 2,761,163 |
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2004 Florida State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 240,200,000 | 241,600,000 | 1,789,344 | 2,761,163 |
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2004 Texas State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 278,800,000 | 263,000,000 | 1,789,344 | 2,761,163 |
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2004 Iowa State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 213,800,000 | 251,400,000 | 1,789,344 | 2,761,163 |
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2004 Wisconsin State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 226,400,000 | 226,800,000 | 1,125,755 | 2,761,163 |
2005 State Quarters
5 states admitted into the Union on the most turbulent time in American historical past had been honored with quarters in 2005. California turned a state a number of brief years after it was taken from Mexico. Minnesota and Oregon gained admission in 1858 and 1859, throwing the stability of free and slave states out of stability. Kansas was admitted as a free state in 1861 after eight Southern states seceded from the Union, and West Virginia cleaved itself from the “Outdated Dominion” within the Civil Battle’s third yr. The designs are usually improved over the 2003-2004 releases. West Virginia’s quarter stands out as one of many sequence’ greatest.
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2005 California State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 257,200,000 | 263,200,000 | 1,160,000 | 1,160,000 | 1,606,970 | 3,262,000 |
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2005 Minnesota State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 239,600,000 | 248,400,000 | 1,160,000 | 1,160,000 | 1,606,970 | 3,262,000 |
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2005 Oregon State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 316,200,000 | 404,000,000 | 1,160,000 | 1,160,000 | 1,606,970 | 3,262,000 |
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2005 Kansas State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 263,400,000 | 300,000,000 | 1,160,000 | 1,160,000 | 1,606,970 | 3,262,000 |
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2005 West Virginia State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 365,400,000 | 356,200,000 | 1,160,000 | 1,160,000 | 1,606,970 | 3,262,000 |
2006 State Quarters
The 2006 State Quarters function the busiest designs of the sequence and unintentionally preview the America the Lovely Quarters sequence beginning in 2010. Solar rays on the Nebraska, Nevada, and North Dakota cash converse to the “sameness” of the designs. Mount Rushmore nearly by no means conveys nicely on a coin (besides on the award-winning 2013 Mount Rushmore Nationwide Memorial Quarter reverse by Mint Chief Engraver Joseph Menna), and on the South Dakota coin, the monolithic sculpture is surmounted by an impossibly giant chook. Now that we consider it, there are mountains on each one of many 2006 quarters.
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2006 Nevada State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 277,000,000 | 312,800,000 | 847,361 | 847,361 | 1,585,008 | 2,882,428 |
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2006 Nebraska State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 318,000,000 | 273,000,000 | 847,361 | 847,361 | 1,585,008 | 2,882,428 |
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2006 Colorado State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 274,800,000 | 294,200,000 | 847,361 | 847,361 | 1,585,008 | 2,882,428 |
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2006 North Dakota State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 305,800,000 | 359,000,000 | 847,361 | 847,361 | 1,585,008 | 2,882,428 |
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2006 South Dakota State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 245,000,000 | 265,800,000 | 847,361 | 847,361 | 1,585,008 | 2,882,428 |
2007 State Quarters
In 2007, quarters honoring Wyoming, Utah, Montana, Washington, and Idaho had been issued. The Utah design honors the driving of the golden spike, which marked the completion of the primary transcontinental railroad in the US. Beasts, fish, and fowl are emblazoned on the opposite designs. The Wyoming quarter encompasses a cowboy and horse in silhouette – a United States Mint first.
Mintages for the yr had been usually stored below 300 million per department mint.
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2007 Montana State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 257,200,000 | 263,200,000 | 895,628 | 895,628 | 1,313,481 | 2,374,778 |
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2007 Washington State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 265,200,000 | 280,000,000 | 895,628 | 895,628 | 1,313,481 | 2,374,778 |
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2007 Idaho State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 294,600,000 | 286,800,000 | 895,628 | 895,628 | 1,313,481 | 2,374,778 |
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2007 Wyoming State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 243,600,000 | 320,800,000 | 895,628 | 895,628 | 1,313,481 | 2,374,778 |
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2007 Utah State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 255,000,000 | 253,200,000 | 895,628 | 895,628 | 1,313,481 | 2,374,778 |
2008 State Quarters
The 50 State Quarters Program concluded in 2008 with quarters honoring the forty sixth by means of fiftieth states. The designs had been pleasing total, with the Arizona and Oklahoma reverses being essentially the most pleasing.
Following the conclusion of this system, Congress licensed the Mint to strike six designs in 2009 to acknowledge the District of Columbia and the 5 American territories. Whereas a separate sequence, the obverse and reverse design codecs mirror these of this program. In 2010, the US Mint would once more revise the Flanagan obverse to accommodate the America the Lovely Quarter reverses.
Trivia Query:
Which of the 50 State Quarters had the bottom circulation-strike mintage?
Reply:
The 2008-D Oklahoma Quarter, which is the one State Quarter with a mintage below 200 million.
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2008 Oklahoma State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 222,000,000 | 194,600,000 | 745,464 | 745,464 | 1,192,908 | 2,078,112 |
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2008 New Mexico State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 244,200,000 | 244,400,000 | 745,464 | 745,464 | 1,192,908 | 2,078,112 |
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2008 Arizona State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 244,600,000 | 265,000,000 | 745,464 | 745,464 | 1,192,908 | 2,078,112 |
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2008 Alaska State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 251,800,000 | 254,000,000 | 745,464 | 745,464 | 1,192,908 | 2,078,112 |
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2008 Hawaii State Quarter |
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| Unc. P | Unc. D | Specimen P | Specimen D | Silver Proof S | Clad Proof S |
| 254,000,000 | 263,600,000 | 745,464 | 745,464 | 1,192,908 | 2,078,112 |
Unique Protection on CoinWeek
In 2018, CoinWeek contributor Louis Golino (“The Coin Analyst”) examined the influence of this system on the pastime and seemed on the lack of premiums on clad State Quarters.
Filling in for Louis, CoinWeek author Joshua-McMorrow Hernandez took a take a look at the marketplace for 50 States Quarters and related numismatic merchandise again in 2016.
Josh additionally wrote concerning the alternative of Accomplice symbols and paraphernalia from Congressional areas that very same yr.
A Co-Founding father of Stack’s Bowers Galleries and one of many gamers within the creation of the 50 State Quarters Program, the late Harvey Stack lamented the truth that State Quarters don’t present up in pocket change as a lot as they used to.
CoinWeek’s Charles Morgan and Hubert Walker deal with the up to date marketplace for the 1999 Delaware Quarter – the primary within the sequence.
Charles and Hubert additionally wrote concerning the “actual” worth of a State Quarter.
CoinWeek Podcast
In Episode 6 of the CoinWeek Podcast, Charles spoke with former Mint Director Philip N. Diehl concerning the 50 State Quarters and different packages initiated throughout Diehl’s pivotal tenure at the US Mint.
Frequent Obverse Designers
American sculptor John Flanagan’s work within the medallic and steel arts ranks him as probably the greatest artists of his technology. For generations of coin collectors, he’s greatest recognized for his Washington Quarter design (View Designer’s Profile).
William Cousins labored on the Franklin Mint from 1967 by means of 1990, rising to be Director of Sculpture by his departure. He started working at the US Mint as a sculptor-engraver in 1990 and retired in 2000. Cousins adjusted Flanagan’s effigy of George Washington to higher match within the extra restricted house on the 50 State Quarters obverse.
Coin Specs
| 50 State Quarters | |
| Years of Problem: | 1999-2008 |
| Mintage (Circulation): | Excessive: 943,000,000 (2000-P Virginia); Low: 194,600,000 (2008-D Oklahoma) |
| Mintage (Proof): | Excessive: 4.020,172 (2000); Low: 2,078,112 (2008) |
| Mintage (Silver Proof): | Excessive: 1,192,908 (2008); Low: 804,565 (1999) |
| Alloy: | Clad: Outer layers of .750 copper, .250 nickel bonded to pure copper core; Silver: .900 silver, .100 copper |
| Weight: | 6.25 |
| Diameter: | 24.30 mm |
| Edge: | Reeded |
| OBV Designer: | John Flanagan |
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Extra References
Bowers, Q. David. A Information Guide of United States Washington and State Quarters. Whitman Publishing.
Yeoman, R.S., and Jeff Garrett (editor). The Official Crimson Guide: A Information Guide of United States Cash. Whitman Publishing.
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